Volume 6, Issue 2, (2018)
Table of Contents
Predictive Performance Modeling of Habesha Brewery’s Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Artificial Neural Networks
Elias Barsenga Hassen and Abraham M. Asmare
Volume 6 | Issue 2 | Pages: 15-25 | PDF | HTML
Abstract: Recently, process control is, mostly, accomplished through examining the quality of the product water and adjusting the processes through an operator’s experience. This practice is inefficient, costly and slow in control response. A better control of WTPs can be achieved by developing a robust mathematical tool for predicting the performance. Owing to their high accuracy and quite promising application in the field of engineering, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are getting attention in the predictive performance modeling of WTPs. This paper focus on applying ANN with a feed-forward, back propagation learning paradigm to predict the effluent water quality of Habesha Brewery’s WTP. About 11 months of data (from May 2016 to March 2017) of influent and effluent water quality were used to build, train and evaluate the models. The study signifies that ANN can predict the effluent water quality parameters with a correlation coefficient (R) between the observed and predicted output variables reaching up to 0.969. Model architecture of 3-21-3 for pH and TN and 1-76-1 for COD were selected as optimum topology for predicting the performance of Habesha Brewery’s WTP. The linear correlation between predicted outputs and target outputs for the optimal model architectures described above are 0.9201 and 0.9692, respectively.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Wastewater Treatment Plant, Performance Modeling
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Adsorptive Performance of Iminodiacetic Acid Functionalized Nanoporous Carbon for Removal of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) Ions in Aqueous System
Mansoor Anbia, Roghaye Dehghan
Volume 6 | Issue 2 | Pages: 26-32 | PDF | HTML
Abstract: In recent years, the exploration of nontoxic and inexpensive methods for the removal of heavy metals from wastewaters has been needed with respect to the impact of these toxic metal ions in the environment. Efficient and common adsorption techniques have been widely used for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater duo to the economically feasible properties. In this study, Nanoporous carbon (CMK-3) has been prepared and modified with Iminodiacetic Acid (IDA) and used as adsorbent for removal of Pb (II), Cu (II) and Cd (II) from aqueous solution. Prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The essential factors such as pH of solution and concentration of the eluent solution have been evaluated. The optimum conditions were pH 4 and 0.5M HNO3. The adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich), were investigated. The adsorption capacities were147.4, 145.1 and 142.3 for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) respectively which is higher than of previously reported.
Keywords: CMK-3, IDA, Pb (II), Cu (II), Cd (II), Adsorption
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The Study of Heavy Metals in Sediments Sampled From Dal Lake
Faizanul Mukhtar, Hamida Chisti
Volume 6 | Issue 2 | Pages: 33-35 | PDF | HTML
Abstract: Water quality monitoring has been high priority to determine the current conditions of the water system. The fast-growing population, unmanageable urbanization, steep industrialization and improper utilization of water resources have led to the unmatched destruction of water quality throughout the globe. The present study evaluates some of the heavy metals sampled from Dal Lake on temporal basis. These sediments were sampled and analyzed for heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometery. However, the observed heavy metal concentration in these sediments was below the recommended limits. Thus, monitoring of man-made pollution which may lead to ecosystem and food chain contamination is necessary.
Keywords: Water quality, Dal Lake, Sediments, Heavy metals, Temporal basis
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Control of Mosquito Larva Using Bark Extracts of Gmelina arborea
Godbless N Oyinke, Odangowei I. Ogidi, Odigo C. Konmeze
Volume 6 | Issue 2 | Pages: 36-39 | PDF | HTML
Abstract: The application of plant derived pesticides for the control of vectors and pathogen have become global. Notwithstanding, synthetic therapies have been most applied, but it poses some ecotoxic problem when misapplied. The biocidal activities of 3 solvent (chloroform, Methanol and Ethanol), bark extracts of Gmelina arborea was investigated against vectors of malaria (Anopheles Gambiae). Results show that the chloroform extract has LC50 value of 4.90 ppm. Furthermore, the ethanol and methanolic extracts had LC50 values of 4.00 and 2.20 ppm respectively. Therefore, the order of activities of the bark extracts of G. arborea were chloroform>ethanol>methanol. Based on results of this study, we therefore recommend the plant for the formulation of pesticide for the control of malaria and vector-borne diseases.
Keywords: Anopheles Gambiae, Gmelina arborea, Bark extract, Solvents
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Evaluation of the Environmental Contaminants Associated with Household Waste Dumpsites in Yenagoa Metropolis, Nigeria
Tariwari C.N Angaye, Apollos P. Ubi, Donbebe Wankasi
Volume 6 | Issue 2 | Pages: 40-46 | PDF | HTML
Abstract: Due to urbanization and industrialization, large magnitude of streams of waste are generated on daily basis. The adverse impacts of this waste cannot be overemphasized due to their illicit and inappropriate discharge to the environment. This research assessed the environmental contaminants of top (0-15cm), and sub (15-30cm) soils with regards to heavy metals, microbial counts as well as some physicochemical parameters such as; temperature, pH, electrical conductivity from Household dumpsites in Yenagoa metropolis. Seven soil samples were collected including control. The mean result obtained showed that pH ranged from 4.96±0.38 - 6.75±0.61, electrical conductivity 65.40±0.50 - 90.48±0.77 µS/cm. Calcium (17.95±0.11 - 55.31±0.82 mg/kg), magnesium (7.36±0.82 - 17.22±0.23 mg/kg) and sodium (0.11±0.38 - 4.43±0.52 mg/kg) and potassium (1.15±0.43 - 5.46±0.42 mg/kg). While the result of the microbial counts ranged from 6.05±0.66 – 0.077±0.27 x 106 cfu/g (total heterotrophic bacteria); 2.07±0.31 - 8.82 ± 0.32 x 104 cfu/mg (total fungi). Furthermore, results of heavy metal analysis showed less impact on the control site however; significant levels of iron (8.75±0.37 - 17.79±0.19 mg/kg), copper (1.87±0.51 - 8.08±0.49mg/kg), zinc (1.04±0.18 - 4.52±0.14 mg/kg) and lead (5.25±0.72 - 11.37±0.09 mg/kg) were reported while chromium, Nickel and Cadmium were not detected. Generally, the results confirmed mild contamination of soil in dumpsites. As such drastic step should be taken in order to mitigate the incipient adverse consequences.
Keywords: Heavy Metals, Household Dumpsite, Bayelsa State, Pollution
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