Volume 4, Issue 1, (2016)
Table of Contents
Analysis of Viscoelasticity in Pipe Systems in Frequency Domain
Nazari Rasoul, Mohammad Kangazian, Amid Hadi, Milad Babadi Soultanzadeh
Volume 4
| Issue 1 | Pages: 1-5 | PDF | HTML
Abstract: Unsteady flow is the result
of turbulence (valve shut, pump deactivation, etc.) in the steady flow. A
sudden change in the velocity of fluid, flowing inside the tube, brings about
an abrupt change in pressure and water hammer occurs as the result. Because of
internal fluid-structure interaction inside the pipe, this phenomenon effects
on the pipe system. During water hammer phenomenon, considerable dynamic forces
are exerted on the pipe. If these forces cause deformation of the structure,
Fluid-structure interaction occurs. Thus, the present research intended to
investigate the pip dynamic behaviour in frequency domain. In time models
proposed for solving water hammer equations in pipe structure, because of using
interpolation a great deal of time was required for transmission of hydraulic
parameters to structure equations and vice versa. Therefore, by simplicity of
water hammer differential equation in frequency domain, the problem was solved
in this domain. The comparison made between the achieved results of this
research and those obtained by other researchers confirmed the accuracy and
efficiency of this method.
Key words: Unsteady Flow, Fluid-Structure interaction, Water
Hammer, Frequency Domain
Effect of cooking on the Climbing Pepper (Piper nigrum) on Antibacterial Activity
Lovet T. Kigigha, Akpoebidei Apreala and Sylvester Chibueze Izah
Volume 4 |
Issue 1 | Pages: 6-9 | PDF | HTML
Abstracts: The
effect of cooking on the Climbing Pepper (Piper nigrum) on antibacterial activity of climbing
pepper or black pepper (Piper nigrum) was tested on an enteric bacterium (Escherichia
coli) and on a superficial etiologic agent (Staphylococcus aureus) and the activity was compared to the
inhibitory activity of 1% Ampiclox (a broad-spectrum
antibiotic) as the control. Indication
was that the two bacterial test isolates were significantly more sensitive to
the hot water, pepper-soup and ethanol extracts of Piper nigrum than the Ampiclox
control treatment. Results obtained after 72
hours indicated that on the whole, E.coli
was more sensitive than S.aureus in all the treatments. The highest zone
of inhibition was shown by the activity of hot water extract on E.coli (3.87 E +01 ± 3.8) P = <
0.001. The least activity was by the effect of 1% Ampiclox
on S. aureus (6.3 E+0 ± 1.7).
Pair-wise analysis of the treatments (Tukey
Test) compared to the effect of Ampiclox on S.aureus
indicated the following significant responses: Effect of hot water extract on E.coli values ranging from 3.87E+01 (±
3.8) to 6.3 E+0 (± 1.7); P= <0.001). Effect of pepper-soup extract on E.coli values ranging from 3.66 E+01 (± 2.8) to 6.3 E+0 (± 1.7); P = 0.001.
Effect of ethanol extract on E.coli
values ranging from 3.35E+01 (± 4.2) to 6.3
E+0 (± 1.7); P = 0.003. Effect of pepper-soup extract on S. aureus values ranging from 3.14E+01 (±
3.6) to 6.3 E+0 (± 1.7); P = 0.006. The pepper-soup extract thus exhibited
significant antibacterial effect against both test bacteria.
While the traditional medicinal use of black-pepper from this investigation
could be tentatively justified; the probable health implication of the effect
of the pepper-soup extract on the enteric and superficial etiologic agents was
discussed.
Keywords:
Climbing pepper, Piper nigrum, pepper-soup, Enterobacteriaceace, E.coli, S.aureus.
Prospects of Waste to Energy in Institutional Buildings
ADAMU Mohammed Babayoč*, YERIMA Egho1, YAKUBU Yahaya. Babanyara2, AWWAL Nasiru Umar3
Volume 4 |
Issue 1 | Pages: 10-16 | PDF | HTML
Abstract: Waste and Energy have cohabited for a very long time as
electric energy come from fossil fuels which invariably is from waste. The
quantum of electric energy harnessed for development most especially in the
developing Nations has remained very low. There has also been a growing desire
by Nations to opt for alternative energy, with this eminent treat our Colleges
and Tertiary Institutions are not left out of this quagmire. It is why this
study investigated the waste to energy management and generation on yelwa campus of Abubakar Tafawa
Balewa University Bauchi, as a prospect of waste to energy in institutional
buildings, through a questionnaire adoption and chi-square analysis; from the
findings, the available facilities for the collection and disposal of the
wastes were inadequate, which resulted in the personal management of wastes by
individuals in the community who either dispose such wastes in unused septic
tanks, old and unused reservoir(s) and in some cases indiscriminately in open
space within the campus finally, about 27.82 tons of waste is generated
annually from five faculties and suggested the adoption of a viable option of
converting this generated waste to usable energy.
Keywords: Waste, Energy, Campus, Alternative, Generation
Reproductive Phenology of True Mangrove Species in Pichavaram Mangrove Forests, Tamilnadu, India - A Comparative account
A. Arunprasath and M. Gomathinayagam
Volume 4 |
Issue 1 | Pages: 17-21 | PDF | HTML
Abstract: The target of this study was to analyse
various phonological characteristics and reproductive biology of mangroves in Pichavaram for developing a data bank which could be of
help to forest managers in planning for regeneration of species in the forest.
We collected data on number of days taken by species to flower and to produce
mature propagules/seeds. We also recorded all phenophases
of each species and maturity characteristic of mangrove seeds in Pichavaram forest blocks. Storage life of seeds materials for
various mangrove species was also tested with the help of mist chamber design. Excoecaria agallocha and Acanthus ilicifolius take only 2-3 months to produce
mature hypocotyls whereas Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera cylindrica and
Xylocarpus mekongensis complete these phases between 4 and
6 months. 30 % of seeds of Rhizophora apiculata and Ceriops
decandra
germinated after a storage period of up to 45 days showing higher
viability than other species. However, fresh seeds of a majority of mangrove
species exhibited more than 65-94 % germination. Proper identification of
period of collection, maturity characteristics and germination timings will aid
in better regeneration of mangroves in Pichavaram.
Keywords: Germination, Mangrove, Phenology, Pichavaram, Seeds.
Performance Analysis of Textile Industry Wastewater Treatment Plant with Physicochemical Characterizations
Tadele Assefa and Omprakash Sahu
Volume 4 |
Issue 1 | Pages: 22-30 | PDF | HTML
Abstract: In Ethiopia the rules of Ministry of
Environment factories wastewater must treat before discharge as well as monitor
the quality of their wastewater and stay within national discharge quality
standard. Even there is stick rule and regulation some time due to in proper
management or lack of technical expertise characteristics of the effluent cross
the dischargeable limit. The aim of research work is to examine the performance
of effluent treatment of Textile Industry and study the physicochemical
parameter.
Keywords: Characteristics; Effluent; Management;
Treatment; Wastewater
Copyright © Journal of Environmental Treatment
Techniques (JETT)
Dorma Trading, Est. Publishing Manager