Volume 2, Issue 3, (2014)
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Removal of Reactive Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Physico-Chemically Treated Rice Husk Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages: 77-84 | [Full Text] PDF (193 KB) |
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Anteneh Worku and Omprakash Sahu |
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Department
of Chemical Engineering, KIOT, Wollo University,
Ethiopia. |
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Abstract — Dye removal onto
low cost material is a suitable method for textile wastewater treatment. Rice
husk was investigated for its ability to remove reactive dye from aqueous
solution. Two modes of operation were performed one with physical treatment
and another with physicochemical treatment. All experiments were conducted at
batch system and effects of effective parameters include pH, adsorbent dose,
initial dye concentration and contact time was investigated. Maximum and
minimum value of 94 % and 26.41% for physicochemically
and 78% and 12.35 % for physically treated rice husk was obtained. Low pH,
high adsorbent dosage and high contact time favors the adsorption whereas the
percent dye removal decrease dramatically with the increase of initial dye
concentration. Based on the result, Freundlich
isotherm (R2 =0.986) and second order kinetic (R2=0.985) are best modules for
explanation of adsorption onto Physico-Chemically
treated rice husk. The efficient parameters were applied on actual textile
dye machine effluent. It was observed that the direct waste increase in dye
concentration and efficient removal (91.24%) was observed for adjusted waste.
In regard to cost of other methods in dye removal, Physico-Chemically
treated rice husk could be suggested as relatively efficient and low cost
adsorbent for dye removal from textile wastewater. |
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Keywords — Adsorption; reactive black 5; rice husk; batch
operation |
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Medical Waste Management at Upazila Level in Bangladesh Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages: 85-94 | [Full Text] PDF (361 KB) |
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Md. Lokman Hossain 1*, Md. Jaseem
Uddin 2 |
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1-
Tropical & International Forestry, University of Goettingen,
37077 Gottingen, Germany 2-Institute
of Forestry & Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong,
Chittagong, Bangladesh |
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Abstract — The study was
conducted at healthcare establishments of Abhaynagar
Upazila of Jessore
District in Bangladesh to quantify amount of medical waste (MW) generated
from the medical services; determine physical composition of MW; find out the
correlation of waste quantity with relevant factors; identify problems and
develop future guideline regarding management. The average waste generation
rate was 37.11 kg/hospital, 1.56 kg/bed/day, and 1.90 kg/patient/day. The
hazardous waste was recorded 9.71%, whereas, non-hazardous waste 90.29%. MW
consisted eight categories of waste materials with vegetable/food being the
largest component (74%), and varied significantly (p≤0.05) among other
hospitals surveyed. The quantity of MW was positively correlated with the
number of occupied beds (R2=0.898, P≤0.05) and with the number of
patients (R2=0.785, P≤0.05). Separate legislation must be formulated to
address the issue of medical waste management as a separate environmental
mandate and regular supervision of them are very much necessary. |
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Keywords — Medical Waste,
Health Care, Hazardous, Non-Hazardous, Composition |
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The Comparison of Finite Element and
Finite Difference Methods in Buckling Analysis of Plate Bending Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages: 95-98 | [Full Text] PDF (361 KB) Mohammad Reza Baradaran 1, Babak Mansouri 1,
Vahid Chegeni 2 1- Department of Civil Engineering, Meymand Center, Islamic Azad University, Meymand, Iran. 2-
M.Sc, Department of Civil Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University, kerman, Iran. Abstract
— Plate bending is commonly used nowadays, such as water reservoirs, tanks,
domes, concrete dams and etc. Therefore, appropriate methods should be used
to analyze these structures. In some cases, however, these analytical
solutions are not always possible, and we have to search for numerical
solutions. The use of numerical approaches enables the engineer to expand his
or her ability to solve design problems of practical significance, The governing equation of thin plate based
on classical plate theory (CPT) along with finite element method (FEM) and
finite difference method (FDM) are used to solve the equations . The model in
ANSYS get buckling local of the plate; besides, to validate the procedures
and verify whether it is in good accordance with those methods. At least, the
efficiency is computational cost of the procedures compared with each other.
The plate model is adopted for the structures. The material, plates of all
models, is subject to Hooke’s law and homogeneous. The structures are assumed
to be simply supported at the ends. The study is based on the numerical methods
which are compared with the exact method. The nonlinear equations of
stability are solved with finite element and finite different methods and
compared with each other. Keywords — Finite element,
Finite difference, Buckling, plate |
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Biodegradation of Crude Oil by Kocuria sp. Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages: 99-101 | [Full Text] PDF (234 KB) Blazo Lalevic *1, Vera Raicevic
1, Iva Atanaskovic 2, Dragan Kikovic 3, Amirreza Talaiekhozani 4,
Saud Hamidovic 5, Panagiotis
Gkorezis 6 1-
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun,
Serbia 2-
Kneza Milosa 64,
Belgrade, Serbia 3-
Faculty of natural sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia 4- Jami
Institute of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan, Iran 5-
Faculty of agricultural and food sciences, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 6- Hasselt
University, Department Of Environmental Biology, CMK, Universitaire
Campus building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium Abstract
— Oil fields are not uniformly dispensed on the world’s map, but are limited
in several areas such as Persian Gulf region. Frequent international
transport by tankers and shipping accidents makes the oil and its products a
most important pollutant of ecosystems. After these accidents, different
methods have been developed for clean-up of the polluted areas, out of which
bioremediation has attracted highest attention. The present paper describes
the crude oil degradation by bacteria Kocuria sp.
27/1, isolated from contaminated wastewater by oil hydrocarbons. This bacteria was used for inoculation of mineral salt medium
containing 500; 1000; 2000; and 4000 ppm of crude
oil (v/v). Incubation was performed in orbital shaker (250 rpm) at 30°C for 7
days. The optical density of the liquid culture and final oil concentration
were measured. Results showed that Kocuria sp. 27/1
was capable of crude oil degradation. Throughout the experiment, the optical
density was rapidly increased comparing to the control. The results
obtained by this research showed that Kocuria
sp. 27/1 can potentially be used for application in crude oil biodegradation
of natural environments. Keywords — Biodegradation,
bioremediation, crude oil, microorganisms, oil hydrocarbons-contaminated waters -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feasibility Study on Biogas
Production Potential from Iran’s Rural
Biomass Sources Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages: 102-105 | [Full
Text] PDF (217 KB) Abdoli M.A, Pazoki M Graduated Faculty of Environment,
University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Abstract
— Rising fossil energy prices and waste disposal costs, coupled with an
increased sense of environmental responsibility, is driving a market for
renewable energy. The use of waste products as an energy source
will reduce dependence on traditional source of energy and reduce or
eliminate environmental concerns associated with waste management. In rural
areas anaerobic digestion is a potential way in which the Rural Management
Organization (Dehyari) can
work together with agricultural sector to address broad issues such as waste
management, pollution control, energy self-sufficiency and climate change.
The purpose of present paper is the feasibility study on biogas production
potential from Iran’s rural Biomass sources. The potential for
biogas production from animal manure in Iran’s rural areas is 11195 million
cubic meter from 63446021 animals annually. Another biomass source
is organic part of solid waste. The findings indicate that the potential for
biogas production from organic wastes is 487 million cubic meter from 1249
thousand tons per year. Keywords — Biogas, Biomass,
Feasibility Study, Animal Manure, Solid Waste, Energy. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Effect of Preservation in
Formalin on the Morphological Characters of Spirlin
(Alburnoides Eichwaldii) Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages: 106-108 | [Full
Text] PDF (115 KB) Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah and Aliakbar Hedayati Department of Fisheries, Faculty of
Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of
Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan,
Iran. Abstract
— The present study was done to investigate the effects of fixing and
preserving in 10% formalin on the morphological characteristics of Spirlin (Alburnoides eichwaldii). For this aim, 35 specimens of Spirlin were collected from Vajargah
River, Gilan, Iran. After initial evaluation on
morphological characters such as Total Length (TL), Standard Length (ST) and
Head Length (HL), samples were fixed and preserved in 10% formalin for 6
months. After this period, samples were removed from formalin and measurement
and evaluation of color features were done once again. The results showed shrinkage
was common in all of the specimens and changes in body color were clearly
distinguishable with fresh fish such a way that the body and fins color were
opaque but color pattern is acceptable but the intensity is reduced. Keywords — Formalin, Spirlin,
Morphological characteristics, Fixation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Generation of Municipal Solid Waste
in Commercial City of Bangladesh Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages: 109-114 | [Full
Text] PDF (264 KB) Md. Lokman Hossain1*,
Satyajit Roy Das2, Snigdha
Talukder2, Mohammed Kamal Hossain3 1-Tropical and International
Forestry, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen,
Germany. 2-Assistant Commissioner and
Executive Magistrate, Office of Deputy Commissioner, Kishoreganj-2300,
Bangladesh. 3-Institute of Forestry and
Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331,
Bangladesh. Abstract
— The study was conducted during January to December 2009 to determine the
generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Chittagong City Corporation of
Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was processed and waste collected from
different waste generating sources were segregated and weighed. Residential
waste generation rate varied in different socio economic groups and was found
minimum (0.5 Kg/day) in Low Socio-economic Group and maximum (3.54 Kg/day) in
High Socio-economic Group and an average residential unit generated 1.72 kg
of waste per day. Commercial waste generation rate by a person was found 0.38
Kg/day. Waste generation rate by an average institution was recorded minimum
(5.4 Kg/day) by the religious institution and maximum (17.05 Kg/day) by the
government institute and an average institution generated 10.2 kg of waste
per day. The average waste generation rate by a large-scale industry was
found 435 kg/day and small-scale industry 77 kg/day and average industrial
waste generation was 256 kg/day. The average medical waste generation was
found 33 kg/day. Medical waste generation rate per patient was 0.595 kg/day.
The most important principles underlying effective programs for the
management of MSW include the awareness, assignment of legal responsibility,
developing the rules and regulations and also need of a national waste
management policy and national waste disposal and management guideline. Keywords — Solid Waste Disposal, Residential
Waste, Industrial Waste, Institutional Waste, Waste Management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Structural Performance of
Sustainable Waste Palm Oil Fuel Ash-Fly Ash Geo-polymer Concrete Beams Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages: 115-119 | [Full
Text] PDF (520 KB) Ramin Andalib, Mohd Warid Hussin,
Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid, Mohd
Azrin, Hasrul Haidar Ismail Faculty of Civil Engineering,
Construction Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai,
81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Abstract
— This study is an attempt to highlight the use of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA)
with Fly Ash, instead of cement, in reinforced concrete beams. POFA, a waste
from Palm oil mill and Fly Ash, a waste from coal-burning power stations
which are cheap and available. It is expected that millions tonnes of palm
oil waste will be produced annually and a lot of money will be spent to
transport and maintenance the waste. Environment is also being destroyed by the
emission of CO2 in Portland cement industries (global warming).Hence, it has
become necessary that the study efforts in using of Geo-polymer concrete gain
greater attention. In this study, laboratory tests were carried out to
determine flexural strength, deflection and crack pattern for three kinds of
materials that were used in reinforced concrete beams [ POFA-Fly Ash
Geo-polymer concrete, Fly Ash Geo-polymer concrete and OPC (Ordinary Portland
Cement ) concrete]. The experimental result showed that the behaviour of
reinforced POFA- Fly Ash concrete beams was similar to reinforced OPC
concrete beams since the cracking and ultimate moments of them were close
together in 90th day. Regarding to durability study, POFA-Fly Ash concrete
had a better resistance and performance against acidic conditions in
comparison with OPC concrete due to more density and uniformity which was
proved by ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test. Keywords — Waste Geo-polymer Concrete Beam; Flexural
Strength; Deflection; Crack Pattern; Acidic Conditions, UPV Test. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Impacts of Industrialization on
Disproportionate Urban Population Growth and the Remedial Measures Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages: 120-123 | [Full
Text] PDF (283 KB) Muhammad Azeem 1,
Abdul Qudoos Khan 2, Arshad
Ali 3 1- Graduate Student, National
University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan. 2- Assoc Prof, National University
of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan. 3- Asst Prof, National University of
Sciences and Technology, Pakistan. Abstract — Industrialization brings economic
prosperity for any nation. It creates livelihood opportunities for large
masses of the community. Such development shapes the demographic trend and
the rate of rural to urban migration. Industrial units in and around the main
cities have resulted in population imbalance in urban areas of Pakistan,
degradation of its resources and environment. New settlements in unpopulated
areas may help in decentralization of the population clusters and paving a
way for sustainable development.
Keywords — Industrialization,
unplanned settlements, population outburst, mega cities.
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